Echo sounders

The echo sounder is a particular type of ultrasonic echo sounder instrument used to measure the depth of the sea, lakes, rivers, etc., by transmitting sound pulses.

This modern instrument is the direct evolution of the sounding line, an ancient instrument used for millennia by sailors.

Its operation is made possible by using the same technology as sonar, which uses the reflected sound pulse technique, the same method used in radar. The time interval between the emission and the return of the sound pulse (hull-bottom-hull) is recorded, thus obtaining the water depth at that precise moment.

This information is then typically used for navigation or to obtain depths for charting purposes. Echo sounder may also refer to hydroacoustic "echosounders" used to study fish. Hydroacoustic surveys are traditionally used to assess fish biomass and its spatial distribution. In contrast, fixed-location techniques use stationary transducers to monitor fish passage.

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